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SS ''Manchuria'' was a passenger and cargo liner launched 1903 for the San Francisco-trans Pacific service of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company. During World War I the ship was commissioned 25 April 1918—11 September 1919 for United States Navy service as USS ''Manchuria'' (ID-1633). After return to civilian service the ship was acquired by the Dollar Steamship Line in 1928 until that line suffered financial difficulties in 1938 and ownership of ''Manchuria'' was taken over by the United States Maritime Commission which chartered the ship to American President Lines which operated her as SS ''President Johnson''. During World War II she operated as a War Shipping Administration transport with American President Lines its agent allocated to United States Army requirements. After World War II, she was returned to American President Lines, sold and renamed SS ''Santa Cruz''. The liner was scrapped in Italy in 1952. ==Construction== ''Manchuria'' was laid down by the New York Shipbuilding Company of Camden, New Jersey, for the Pacific Mail Steamship Company on 3 September 1902, among the first ships built at the yard as contract number six. An attempt to launch the ship on 31 October 1903 failed when the ship stuck on the ways. The ship was successfully launched on 2 November having been sponsored by Miss Laura Wick. The design of ''Manchuria'' was identical to which was delivered as ''Manchuria'' was being fitted out. Both were among the largest ships being built in the United States as had been the line's previous trans Pacific liners ''Korea'' and ''Siberia'' of 1902 and both were given the American Bureau of Shipping rating and Lloyd's Register classification of 100-A1. At the time of construction the two vessels were the largest passenger ships built in the United States and were built for 346 first class, 66 second class and 1,300 steerage passengers. The ships' design tonnage was with tonnage for ''Manchuria'' increasing with modifications. On completion of a major refit 19 January 1929 for Dollar Line's around the world service the ship's tonnage is noted as being with a "sea speed" of indicating possible propulsion upgrades. Lloyd's Register of 1932—33 shows the ship, then ''President Johnson'', at and in the 1945—46 register as .〔The Lloyd's change is shown between the 1940—41 and 1941—42 register issues.〕 The hull was double bottomed with a capacity of 2,270 tons of fresh water for boilers or ship use with trimming tanks in the peaks and three deep tanks, one forward and two aft of the engine room, for a total water ballast of 4,600 tons. There were five complete decks composed of orlop, lower, middle, upper and shelter decks with the strength deck at the shelter deck rather than usual upper deck with ten watertight bulkheads running up to the upper deck. Normal coal capacity was 1,950 tons but that could be increased by use of reserve bunkers to 2,800 tons. Two 10,000 IHP, quadruple expansion four cylinder (, , and all stroke) engines drove twin three bladed propellers with manganese bronze blades of diameter with adjustable pitch from to on a cast iron hub. Electrical power was provided by three General Electric 25 kilowatt direct connected generators located in a recess aft of the main engine room and refrigeration by a carbonic anhydride plant, built by the British company J. & E. Hall, located below and aft of the engine room in a space between the shafts cooling about of space and capable of producing up to of ice. Steam powering main engines and auxiliaries was provided by eight main, forced draft boilers; four double end and four single end, delivering steam at a working pressure of . There was a small auxiliary boiler located on the middle deck aft of the after fire room hatch. A combined fire extinguishing and fumigation system could send gas for either purpose throughout the ship. First class passengers had quarters in the midship house on the bridge and shelter decks with access to a saloon lighted by a skylight and dinging room. Some rooms had private lavatories, but lavatories for men and another for women were located aft of the engine casing on the shelter deck with another set in the center of the bridge deck accommodations. The upper deck was fitted for either light cargo or steerage passengers and, in the event of Chinese steerage passengers, had provision for a Chinese galley and wash area. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「SS Manchuria (1903)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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